If bleeding is life-threatening and direct pressure has failed to control it, what is the recommended action?

• A. If bleeding is life-threatening and direct pressure has failed to control it.
• B. Apply a tourniquet for any bleeding.
• C. Do not use a tourniquet on juveniles.
• D. Use a tourniquet only after stanching pressure for 5 minutes.

Answer: (D)

When bleeding is life-threatening and direct pressure cannot control it, applying a tourniquet immediately is the best action. The tourniquet works by stopping arterial blood flow to the injured limb, which greatly reduces blood loss and buys time to get the person to medical care. Place the tourniquet about 2–3 inches (5–7 cm) above the wound, away from a joint, and tighten it until the bleeding stops or slows significantly; then secure it and note the time of application. Do not wait for minutes to pass before using a tourniquet, as delaying increases the risk of shock and death. Tourniquet use is appropriate for juveniles when there is life-threatening bleeding on a limb, and size should be suitable for the child to ensure effective control.