Which of the following is NOT an example of intellectual and developmental disabilities?

• A. ADHD
• B. Autism spectrum disorder
• C. Learning disabilities
• D. Developmental delay

Answer: (A)

Intellectual and developmental disabilities refer to conditions where there is a broad impact on thinking, learning, or achieving developmental milestones that affects daily functioning. ADHD centers on patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and many people with ADHD have average or above-average intelligence. It is a neurodevelopmental condition, but not a broad intellectual or developmental disability.

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental condition that affects social communication and behavior and can involve broader developmental challenges. Learning disabilities involve trouble with specific academic skills even when overall intelligence is normal, reflecting a domain-specific deficit rather than a global cognitive decline. Developmental delay indicates slower progress across multiple areas of development, signaling a broader developmental impact.

Because ADHD does not entail a generalized impairment in intellectual functioning or broad developmental delay, it is the one that does not fit as an intellectual and developmental disability.